Start studying Massachusetts: A New England Colony. The Massachusetts Colony was one of the original 13 colonies in America. Anyone who did not agree with or follow the Puritan lifestyle, be it religious or political, was driven out, often violently. Charter of the Colony of New Plymouth Granted to William Bradford and His Associates, 1629. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was a Puritan theocracy and non Puritans like Quakers, Catholics (Papists) and others were banished from Boston and surrounding regions. And in the end some discontent on his part, by occasion whereof he left them something ubruptly…But he is to be pitied and prayed for; and so I shall leave the matter and desire the Lord to show him his errors and reduce him into the way of truth and give him a settled judgment and constancy in the same, for I hope he belongs to the Lord, and that he will show him mercy.”. Bradford, William. There were also bills passed that required a fine of ten shillings or a whipping for anyone who profaned the Sabbath. In addition to this, Separatist principles at the time included a separation between church and state as well as, for the more radical pilgrims, a separation from all other religious communities. But it also struggled with internal turmoil—like the Salem Witch Trials—and external conflict, like King Philip's (Metacom's) War. The seating arrangement of the Plymouth meetinghouse was organized by gender with the men and boys 16 years and older sitting on one side of the meetinghouse and the women and children on the other. Massachusetts (/ ˌ m æ s ə ˈ tʃ uː s ɪ t s / (), /-z ɪ t s /), officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.It borders on the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. See disclaimer. Those First Great Awakening preachers’ carried the twin message of hope and salvation through religion. Although the pilgrims had religious freedom in Holland, they found it difficult to retain their English identity in a Dutch country, they worked grueling jobs in the cloth industry there and the possibility of war between Holland and the Catholic-run Spain, due to their 12 year truce nearing its end, threatened their future in the country. There was friction at times between the saints and strangers, particularly after the Mayflower landed at Provincetown and some of the strangers began to question the saints’ authority there since none of them had legal permission to be there. They were a part of the Puritan movement which began in the 16th century with the goal to “purify” the Church of England of its corrupt doctrine and practices. The Great Migration. Outside of colonial Rhode Island, Puritanism was the dominant religion for all New England colonists. They wanted to remove the ceremony and music. Massachusetts Bay whipped, banished and hanged Quakers while Plymouth Colony fined, whipped and banished Quakers but refrained from hanging them. It also had a wide range of religions, including Quakers, Baptists, Anglicans, and Calvinists. The saints also rejected Easter and the various Saints Days because they believed they had no scriptural basis. Charter of Massachusetts Bay, 1629. Though their Separatism represented a major difference between the Pilgrims and the non-Separatist Puritans who settled Massachusetts Bay, there was a strong enough friendship between the two groups that when a church was organized at Salem in 1629 – the second English congregation to be established on these shores and, of course, officially Anglican – Governor Bradford and some others made a perilous trip to Salem to ‘extend the right hand of fellowship, wishing all prosperity and a blessed success unto such good beginnings.’ Moreover, the Plymouth Separatists were willing to share in worship with other Christian groups, including the Church of England – an idea which had much to do with the controversy between the Pilgrims and one of their most famous ministers, Roger Williams.”. This is what prompted the separatists to flee England for Leiden, Holland in 1607. Records of the Court of Assistants of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1630-1692. If they made the keeping of [Christmas] a matter of devotion, let them keep their houses; but there should be no gaming or reveling in the streets.”. Whether you’re studying times tables or applying to college, Classroom has the answers. Williams was disappointed by the pilgrims and left Plymouth after he was invited to become the pastor at a church in Salem, Mass. Minister John Eliot, who arrived in Boston in 1631, started more than a dozen Praying Indian towns and translated the Bible into Algonquin. The popular history book, Saints and Strangers by George Wilson, famously nicknamed these two groups of people as saints and strangers. Yet, as radical as moving to the wilderness in search of religious freedom may seem, according to the Pilgrim Hall Museum Website, the Plymouth pilgrims were actually the least radical of the separatist movement: “Our Plymouth forebears were among the least radical of Separatist groups. Puritan. The first settlers in Massachusetts were the Pilgrims who established Plymouth Colony in 1620 and developed friendly relations with the Wampanoag people. When the pilgrim’s Pastor Robinson remained in Holland and did not travel to Plymouth with the colonists, Brewster preached and taught the pilgrims in Plymouth. They established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. So too did views on the Native Americans who shared their land. In lining, each line of the psalm is first sung by the Pastor, then repeated by the congregation.”. 13 Colonies. Procon.org has researched Religion in the Original 13 Colonies, and and concluded: “All 13 American colonies had some form of state-supported religion. One dissenter, former Puritan leader Roger Williams, went on to found Rhode Island after Massachusetts expelled him in 1636 for preaching in favor of tolerating other religions. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was a Puritan theocracy and non Puritans like Quakers , Catholics (Papists) and others were banished from Boston and surrounding regions. Ruling Elders were in charge of the government of the congregation but because they were not ordained ministers they could not deliver the sacraments. The 13 original colonies were divided into three areas including the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. If Spain won the war and took over Holland, they knew that Protestants such as themselves would no longer be welcome there. Rebecca Beatrice Brooks is the author and publisher of the History of Massachusetts Blog. The Puritans who founded Boston went down in history for strict laws about keeping the Sabbath, the scarlet letter for adultery and the Salem witch trials that closed out the 17th century. These religious-based laws eventually came to an end after Plymouth Colony was merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 and became a royal colony. Sources: A bill passed in 1650 made it a crime to slander a church or minister. The Puritans however, combined their religious doctrine with their system of government. They left Europe for the Americas in search of religious freedom. APUSH Period 1 and 2 Quiz Terms. “”Faith of the Pilgrims.” Plimoth Plantation, www.plimoth.org/what-see-do/17th-century-english-village/faith-pilgrims The Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by the Puritans, a religious minority group who migrated to the New World seeking to create a model religious … The Puritans who founded Boston went down in history for strict laws about keeping the Sabbath, the scarlet letter for adultery and the Salem witch trials that closed out the 17th century. Although the pilgrims were considered more tolerant than their fellow Puritans who settled Massachusetts Bay Colony, they weren’t that tolerant. They came to the colony in pursuit of religious freedom. Religion in the Virginia Colony mainly consisted of Anglican Christians. These separatists were a sect of Puritans within the movement who felt that the Church of England was too corrupt to save and had given up on the idea of real reform within the church and decided to separate from it. As scholar Perry Miller wrote in The New England Mind (1939), “Puritanism was one of the major expressions of Western intellect” and was “an important part of the whole thought of the seventeenth century.” Bradford and Brewster had disagreed with Williams over many things such as William’s belief that it was wrong for a pastor to administer an oath to an “ungodly” man and his belief that the practice of infant baptism allowed people who were not chosen by God to enter the church. The Puritans established the colony of Massachusetts Bay in 1630. They often drop the “r” sound after vowels, and the mocking phrase, “Pahk the cah in Hahvahd yahd” is used nationwide to imitate the unmistakable Boston accent. View all posts by Rebecca Beatrice Brooks. The Pilgrims and the Puritans shared a Calvinist faith based on the concept of "predestination" -- the predetermination regarding whether people would go to heaven or hell. History of Plymouth Plantation. Embarkation of the Pilgrims, oil painting by Robert W. Weir, circa 1844. Georgia welcomed large groups of Puritans, Lutherans, and Quakers. 1683 First Parish Meeting House, Plymouth, Mass, illustration published in Plymouth Church Records, 1620-1859, Volume 22 By First Church of Christ Plymouth, Mass., 1920. They hoped to not only find the religious freedom they were seeking in North America but also hoped to be able to earn money by establishing a colony there that would harvest supplies and send them back to England to be sold. This support varied from tax benefits to religious requirements for voting or serving in the legislature.” A ll colonies were predominantly Christian. Puritan is one answer -- but only one -- to the question of religion for Massachusetts in the 1600s. The main religion of colonial Massachusetts in the 1700s were Puritan Separatists. The Puritans, another religious group seeking freedom from the crown, founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 on what is now Boston. One of the original 13 colonies and one of the six New England states, Massachusetts (officially called a commonwealth) is known for being the … Puritans led strict religious lives, and dissenters were treated harshly. What religion was practiced in Massachusetts colony? Apart from the fact that the native population had its own beliefs, the early British colonists who settled in Massachusetts weren’t all Puritans. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was a Puritan theocracy and non Puritans like Quakers, Catholics (Papists) and others were banished from Boston and surrounding regions. The saints didn’t recognize or celebrate Christmas because they felt it was more of a Pagan holiday than a Christian holiday. Both colonies enacted strict laws on keeping the Sabbath and neither observed Christmas as a holiday. However, they were very intolerant of anyone who disagreed with their religion, and believed the Anglican Church could absolutely not have any influences of Catholicism… Amazingly, Harvard University was founded just six years later in 1636, making it the oldest college in America. At that time, the Church and State were one in England and the act of separating from the Church of England was considered treasonous. ... YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE... Chapter 4 - Section 1. © 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. What Type of Uniforms Did Revolutionary War Soldiers Wear? At this point, the practice of ‘lining’ psalms began. The pilgrims of Plymouth Colony were religious separatists from the Church of England. Both colonies feared and banned witchcraft, and Massachusetts held celebrated witch trials in Salem at the end of the 1600s. Roger Williams, a man godly and zealous, having many precious parts but very unsettled in judgement…He this year [1633] began to fall into some strange opinions, and from opinion to practice, which caused some controversy between the church and him. The Puritans had left England because they didn't agree with the Church of England and they wanted to practice their own faith. Puritan is one answer -- but only one -- to the question of religion for Massachusetts in the 1600s. This permission was forbidden for religious dissenters so the pilgrims had to illegally smuggle themselves out of England by bribing ship captains to take them to Holland. They wanted to change the Church of England by making it more pure. Puritans left England for the New World. The King of England gave them a charter to make a settlement along the Massachusetts Bay. The colonists moved the so-called “Praying Indians” into separate towns, authorized by the Massachusetts government, once they converted. A number of people in the colony were non-separatists who came to Plymouth Colony for economic reasons. “Religious Controversies in Plymouth Colony.” Pilgrim Hall Museum, www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/Religious_Controversies_Plymouth_Colony.pdf. These economic reasons and religious reasons are what prompted the pilgrims to emigrate to North America in 1620. Author Stephen Innes says in “Creating the Commonwealth” that restrictions on holidays created a calendar with more than 300 working days. Based on the Word Net lexical database for the English Language. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A bill passed around this time also made church attendance mandatory. Both the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony reacted strongly to the influx of Quakers to their colonies in the 1650s and 1660s. ... What was the religion of Massachusetts? Other times that the saints and strangers quarreled due to their religious differences was during the Christmas holiday. Colonial America - Lesson 2. https://historyofmassachusetts.org/history-of-the-massachusetts-bay-colony The primary religion of the New England colonies was the strict Puritan Christianity originally brought to the Massachusetts Bay colony by ships like the Mayflower, but as the colonies grew and changed, some of the colonists began to move away from that base. Through the early 1700s, religion gave Massachusetts colonists a common purpose that shaped their government and their daily lives. Days of Thanksgiving and Days of Fasting and Humiliation were religious days where the puritans would spend all day fasting and praying, usually due to a problem or conflict they were facing at the time. The colony was founded in 1630 by Puritans leaving England due to lack of religious freedom and in the hope of establishing a community devoted to their religion. Classroom is the educational resource for people of all ages. YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE... 41 terms. The religion of colonial Connecticut was primarily Puritan. With the 1685 codification of laws, even more laws were passed concerning religious and moral conduct. Plymouth’s religious leaders were Separatists, an outlawed sect that favored breaking away from the Church of England entirely. A much larger group of English Puritans left England in the 1630s, establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the New Haven Colony, the Connecticut Colony, and Rhode Island. The Massachusetts Bay Colony's land consists of rivers and the coastline. Many significant events in America’s history took place in Massachusetts. Comments Off The pilgrims of Plymouth Colony were religious separatists from the Church of England. Massachusetts colonists in the 17th century didn’t observe religious holidays like Christmas and Easter -- but did recognize election day and the day of the Harvard commencement as days of rest, along with Sundays. A new royal charter, the Province of Massachusetts Bay, merged the Bay Colony with Plymouth Colony and Maine Colony in 1691. Pilgrim Hall Museum; Pilgrim and Puritan: A Delicate Distinction; Richard Howland Maxwell; March 2003, Religion and the Founding of the American Republic: America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventeenth Century, Part 1, Religion and the Founding of the American Republic: America as a Religious Refuge: The Seventeenth Century, Part 2, American Treasures of the Library of Congress: First Complete Bible Published in America. In 1689, the English Parliament passed The Tolerant Act, which stopped corporal punishment for dissenters, such as cropping the ears of Quakers or publicly whipping Baptists. The only religious group that was not allowed in Georgia was Catholics. These were sung, without musical accompaniment, by the whole congregation. Their aim—according to John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts Bay—was to create a model of reformed Protestantism, a “city upon a hill,” a new English Israel. 43 terms. Rebecca is a freelance journalist and history lover who got her start in journalism working for small-town newspapers in Massachusetts and New Hampshire after she graduated from the University of New Hampshire with a B.A. ... Government of Massachusetts in which government and religion was tied closely together (theocracy) John Winthrop. Act of Surrender of the Great Charter of New England to His Majesty, 1635. A printer in Cambridge, Massachusetts, published the “Eliot Bible” in 1663. Abigail Williams: The Mysterious Afflicted Girl, Native Americans in the Revolutionary War. During the first decade of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, several political crises occurred, unfolding simultaneously, concerning the way religion was practiced in the colony. The Church of England was the established church in Colonial Georgia. Visit this site's About page to find out more about Rebecca. The Puritans wanted to purify and reform the Church of England. Not everyone in Plymouth Colony was a separatist. Years later, in the 1670s, when the first generation of settlers – many of whom had musical training – had died, the colonists had difficulty with the music of the psalms. Georgia had always been sort of a "melting pot" of religion. They hoped to purify the Church of England, and then return to Europe with a new and improved religion. New Jersey, like the other middle colonies, was a melting pot for religion and culture. Psalms were the only music allowed in service and the pilgrims customized them for their congregation, according to an article on Plimoth.org: “The versions of the Psalms used in Plymouth Colony came from Henry Ainsworth’s Psalter, in which he had ‘Englished’ the Psalms in prose and metre, and set them to livelier music than had been heard before. Anyone who did not agree with or follow the Puritan lifestyle, be it religious or political, was driven out, often violently. Sabbath services were held twice on Sunday, from 9am to noon and from 2pm to 5pm, and sermons were often given on Thursdays and when Days of Thanksgiving or Days of Fasting and Humiliation were proclaimed. One of those is known as the "Antinomian Crisis" which resulted in the departure of Anne Hutchinson (1591–1643) from Massachusetts Bay. The Puritans went to Massachusetts for the sake of their own religious freedom. breinlis. To leave England at the time, you needed permission from the King. Bradford described Williams in his diary, which was later published under the title Of Plymouth Plantation: “Mr. John Winthrop and Deputy Gov. The non-separatists didn’t agree and when they refused to work on Christmas day and were found playing games in the street Governor William Bradford took their games away and stated: “that was against his conscience, that they should play and others work. All of New England is recognized for their varying accents, but Bostonians are especially notorious. For most of the 17th century, the Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay colonies were separate entities, both occupying land that eventually became the state of Massachusetts. Their church was protected and reinforced by law and supported by tax dollars. The Puritans were part of the Reform movement and wanted to purify the Anglican Church of corruption. The Puritans in Massachusetts Bay and the Separatists in Plymouth didn’t tolerate dissenters. Secondly, what was the main goal of the Puritans? This was the second permanent English colony in America following Jamestown Colony.The Pilgrims had migrated from England to Holland to escape religious persecution for rejecting England's official church. The Massachusetts Colony was one of four colonies that made up the New England Colonies, which also included the New Hampshire Colony, the Connecticut Colony, and the Rhode Island Colony. Native Americans occupied Massachusetts long before British colonists arrived, and each group held its own beliefs, but colonists pushed to convert their neighbors to Christianity. For this same reason, they also rejected hymns, the recitation of the Lord’s Prayer and creeds. Surrender of the Patent of Plymouth Colony to the Freeman, 1640. 10 terms. Plymouth’s Pilgrims weren’t Puritans, although they shared some beliefs. Plymouth whipped and expelled Quakers instead of executing them, as Massachusetts did. 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