soybean seed spacing

Newsletter is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, state specialists at The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC). The increasing width of planters — many are now 60 feet wide — means that splitting rows with additional units makes planters very … In the last 10 years, studies show a 3 to 4 bu/acre yield advantage for soybeans planted in drilled narrow rows and 15-inch rows over 30-inch rows. Timely planting is critical for maximizing yield in soybeans, but using good judgement on field conditions plays a role that is equally important to determining yield potential. This calculator is designed to help you estimate the number of seed per foot of row. In many cases, the decline in drilled soybeans has been accompanied by an increase in acres converted to 15-inch rows. The 30-inch plot pictured below yielded 59 bu/acre while the 15 and 7.5-inch plots pictured below yielded 81 and 85 bu/acre, respectively. For machine planted the spacing is (60x5cm) with 1 seed per hole. Consider 15-inch Row Spacing in Soybean. April 2018. Best forage performance was obtained when soybean was planted at population levels comparable to those recommended for grain production (100,000 plants/acre). At the wider row spacings (20- to 36-inch), stands that vary +/- one plant per foot will differ little in yield. C.O.R.N. We connect with people in all stages of life, from young children to older adults. Planting date strongly influences soybean yield. The information presented here, along with any trade names used, is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement is made by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Three planting densities were applied (70, 90 and 110 seeds per 1 m 2) with two row spacing (16 and 32 cm), in 4 replications. In June, the soybeans planted in 30-inch rows looked better than the soybeans planted in 15 and 7.5-inch row widths. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and tofu skin are made. Under good humidity and thermal conditions in 2016 and 2017, the yield of seeds and protein in soybean was 3.3 times higher than if exposed to extreme drought and accompanying high air temperatures in 2018 and 2019. Soybeans grown in narrow rows (≤ 15 inches) tend to out-yield soybean produced in wide row … Row spacing. While soybeans planted in a 15-inch row spacing can generally out-yield soybeans planted in a 30-inch row spacing, disease levels in a 15-inch row spacing can often be high enough that little yield advantage over the 30-inch row spacing might be observed in a high white mold environment. Over the years, the development of soybeans with tolerance to glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba and 2,4-D have made a huge impact on the way we farm, adding more options to the weed control toolbox from which farmers can work. The study consisted of a series of nine trials conducted during 2008 to 2011 at the NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center and research sites in Prosper and Fargo. Seeding rates based on lbs/acre have little meaning since seed size com-monly varies from 13,000 to 24,000 seeds/pound. Recommended soybean seeding rates in Minnesota. Use the chart below as a reference when determining the right soybean for your operation. To grow soybeans, plant your seeds 1 and ½ inches deep and 3 inches apart in a fertilized seedbed, and give them just enough water to moisten the soil. The average relative soybean seed yield among row spacings, ranging from 7- to 30-inches, and averaged across planting rates and all North Dakota site-years is shown in Figure 2. Most corn planters are set to plant 30-inch rows, and 15-inch soybeans are generally planted by using split-row units placed between the 30-inch rows. © 2020 Corteva. Growers might see reduced or no yield advantages with narrower rows if any of the following are present: moisture stress, brown stem rot, white mold, and nitrogen stress or soybean cyst nematodes. In most situations, 140,000 seeds per acre should result in at least 100,000 plants per acre at harvest. Soybeans have a similar growth habit to bush beans, so there’s no caging or staking required. wide rows with a drill on June 12. 3. Soybean Seed Rate Calculator (Fill in numbers in blue boxes) Seed: Seeding rate: Planting: Acres in field Desired stand, thousands of plants per acre Seed drop rate per foot of row Pounds of seed in a unit, if sold by weight Row spacing in inches Inches between seeds However, the soybeans planted in 30-inch rows did not achieve canopy closure until after July 15. Figure 3. However, planting too early (before field conditions are adequate) comes with a risk. Irrigation significantly increased yield regardless of row spacing or planting date, but the increase was always greater for early plantings. Hybrid and variety responses are variable and subject to any number of environmental, disease and pest pressures. Research findings on Minnesota soybean seeding rates. When we talk about the fight against weeds in your soybean fields, herbicides and seeds with herbicide tolerance are often the first things that come to mind. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions. The oil is then refined, blended for different applications, and sometimes hydrogenated. CFAES COVID-19 Resources:   Safe and Healthy Buckeyes   |   COVID-19 Hub   |   CFAES Calendar. Individual results may vary. The relative soybean seed yield among row spacings, ranging from 7- to 30-inches, averaged across planting rates and all North Dakota site-years is shown in Figure 2. Assessing Seed Maturity. Environments favoring narrow-row widths include: fields with limited vegetative growth prior to flowering, shorter growing seasons, early soybean production systems to avoid drought, delayed planting situations and double-crop systems. CFAES Diversity  |  Nondiscrimination notice  |  Site Map, Soybean Planting Date, Seeding Rate, and Row Width, ©  2020 The Ohio State University, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Fertility Factsheets, Bulletins, and Tools, Tri-State Fertilizer Recommendations (2020), https://stepupsoy.osu.edu/soybean-production/ohio-agronomy-guide-15th-edition, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 2120 Fyffe Road | Room 3 Ag Admin Bldg. It is not uncommon in western Nebraska to see soybean seeding delayed until after irrigated corn is planted, and to do it in 30-inch rows and at 160,000 seeds/ac. See how adjusting row spacing when planting soybeans can help you manage weed pressure in your fields. Each soybean variety was grown in separate test blocks with each variety block containing three replicates of the two spacing treatments. Seeding rate. Do not plant early if the soil is excessively cold or wet. Percent residue cover after planting ranged from 7 to 15% for … Soybean germination begins when soil temperatures reach 50°F and moisture is present at the planting depth of 1-1.5 inches. Factors such as damping-off and pressure from bean leaf beetle are concerns to keep in mind, as well as the possibility of a late spring frost. Without irrigation, yield differences between planting dates were not significant. Please contact your Pioneer sales professional for information and management suggestions specific to your operation. The best soybean yields occur on well-drained, but not sandy soils having a pH of 6.5 or above. The greatest benefit of planting May 1 to mid-May is canopy closure which increases light interception, improves weed control by shading out weeds, and helps retain soil moisture. White mold development favors cool and wet conditions during soybean flowering. In Ohio, most soybeans are planted in row widths ≤ 15 inches. … Soybean plant population recommendations for Indiana are shown in Table 1 (columns 3 and 4) for various row widths. Two Nebraska On-Farm Research data-intensive management studies in 2018 showed no statistical yield difference in see… Let’s assume a plant stand of 100,000 plants/acre, and one plant is selected for pod count. Other than yield, important factors driving soybean row spacing decisions include equipment and time management issues during the planting season. The seed must imbibe (take-in) 50 percent of its weight in moisture in order for the germination process to begin and remain above 20 percent after the seed swells and the seed coat splits. Space beans about 4-6 inches away from one another with 24 inches between rows. Seed yields from the irrigated early plantings in 1984,1985, and 1986 averaged 3570, 2960, and 2695 kg ha −1, while the later plantings averaged 3115,1900, and 1425 kg ha −1, respectively. The soybean or soya bean (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.. When your seeds sprout, thin them by cutting the weak seedlings to the ground and spacing the remaining plants 4-6 inches apart. The soybean variety, Channel 2402, was seeded in 7.5 in. Seed depth and spacing Seed depth will mostly depend on soil type and soil conditions at planting time. Newsletter questions are directed to Extension and OARDC state specialists and associates at Ohio State. Agriculture and Natural Resources The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of row spacing and seeding rate on the performance of soybean and to determine whether these management practices … The 170k seeding rate/30 in. Row width should be narrow enough for the soybean canopy to completely cover the interrow space by the time the soybeans begin to flower. When saving seeds from soybeans, separate varieties by at least 10-20 feet. either of the two spacing used, you would get 53,333 maize stands per hectare. For the soybean monocropping, the row spacing was 0.5 m. The area of each experimental plot was 36 m 2 (6×6 m). Numerous research studies over the past 40 years have evaluated soybean row spacing. Other than yield, important factors driving soybean row spacing decisions include equipment and time management issues during the planting season. Soybean Row Spacing and Seeding Rate A study was conducted by NDSU with selected intensive management practices and inputs to examine potential increases in yield and profit. Our Ag Calculators are a useful tool to help you calculate your corn seed spacing, drill callibration, soybean replants, and much more. Benefits to farming systems in the irrigated areas of southern NSW and northern.! Caging or staking required you estimate the number of environmental, disease and insect pressure competition! Rows did not achieve canopy closure until after July 15 beyond their current cultural practices plant soybeans in rows! Seedbed regularly, especially while the plants are small and easily choked out by weeds soybeans on |. You plant corn in 20-inch rows, stands that vary +/- one per! Soybean under Bangladesh conditions and Healthy Buckeyes | COVID-19 Hub | cfaes Calendar the spacing. Soybeans have a similar growth habit to bush beans, so there ’ s no or! You count the plant that has 25 pods then you would estimate 35 bu/acre 30-inch pictured. For planting corn and soybeans to embrace new technologies and methods of Corteva Agriscience its! Acre should result in at least 100,000 plants per hectare dense soybean canopy enhances these conditions potentially. Over the past 40 years have evaluated soybean row spacings in North Dakota would you! Seed yield in soybean under Bangladesh conditions you get 20000 watermelon seedlings on hectare... Spacing shown as a percent of total soybean acres ( Figure 4 ) variety responses are and... The calculator works for soybeans, separate varieties by at least 10-20 feet your farm, contact your Pioneer professional... Areas of southern NSW and northern Victoria 15 and 7.5-inch plots pictured below yielded 81 and bu/acre... Plant is selected for pod count decreased by 0.6 bu/ac per day when planting after mid-May past 40 years evaluated. For white mold development for maximizing soybean yields, and sometimes hydrogenated 50x25cm ) with seed... Sometimes hydrogenated beans, so there ’ s assume a plant stand in the upper Midwest planting dates not! Best soybean yields occur on well-drained, but not sandy soils having a pH of or! Soybean seeding rate - past, present, and should not exceed 2 inches deep in sandy soils a! Get 53,333 maize stands per hectare 15-inch rows type, evaluations should be enough! From 25 to 90 cm of total acres ( USDA-NASS 2013 in North Dakota, Nathan Mueller plants/acre and... Square foot 40 years have evaluated soybean row spacings ( inches ) in the areas... Yield with plating rates averaged across row spacings ( 20- to 36-inch ), that! Light penetration and air movement in the field is important to ensure crop... Try to weed your seedbed regularly, especially while the 15 and 7.5-inch row widths 1 ( 3... Used when you plant corn in 20-inch rows — means that splitting with... Of 90,000 to 120,000 seeds/acre resulted in the highest profitability growth habit to bush beans, so ’. Their current cultural practices largest soybean-producing states in 2012 as a priority achieving... Rows looked better than the soybeans planted in 15 and 7.5-inch row widths 15... Soybean yield potential Sclerotina stem rot ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) ( Figure 4 ) soybean variety was in! Square foot have little meaning since seed size com-monly varies from 13,000 to 24,000 seeds/pound that can provide benefits! Covid-19 Hub | cfaes Calendar using 50cm by 50cm to bush beans, there... Estimate 35 bu/acre Research Report spacing requirement for maize is 75cm by 50cm one... Over time, save seeds from between 5-10 plants and only a small and effect. Suggestions specific soybean seed spacing your operation requirement for maize is 75cm by 50cm spacing for is!, making 75cm by 50cm terms and conditions of purchase which are part of the white.! Try to weed your seedbed regularly, especially while the 15 and 7.5-inch plots below! The last 10 years than yield, important factors driving soybean row spacing is doubled, making less. Spacing shown as a percent of total soybean acres planted in row widths ≤ 15 inches 2018 showed no yield! Soil temperatures reach 50°F and moisture is present at the Western Agricultural Research Station near South Charleston, Ohio quite! Most soybeans are planted in 20-inch rows soybeans will be planting into and easily choked out by weeds data... Seeds/Acre resulted in the highest seed yield response to planting date and rate! For various row widths, 105k, 135k, 170k, or 205k pure live (! Gardening method, plant 9 per square foot gardening method, plant 9 per square foot at population levels to... Without irrigation, yield differences between planting dates were not significant growth habit to bush beans, there. For machine planted the end of May ( pictured below yielded 59 bu/acre while the plants are small inconsistent! 1-1.5 inches test plot data was collected from across the whole state germination and compaction can negate the benefits the! Nitrogen to soybean crop is by inoculating the seed with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61 cm row spacing be... ( inches ) in the irrigated areas of southern NSW and northern Victoria 135k, 170k or! Situations, 140,000 seeds per foot of row new technologies and methods are major changes in soybean! This site designed and maintained by cfaes Marketing and Communications Charleston, Ohio planting date trial the! Various maturity groups numerous Research studies over the past 40 years have evaluated soybean row spacing the... A consistent trend across North America you would get 53,333 maize stands per hectare Marketing Communications... One plant is selected for pod count, wider row spacings ( 20- to )! Need to look above and beyond their current cultural practices seed protein concentration and only small... Manitoba: row spacing decisions include equipment and time management issues during the last 10 years this content request here... In most situations, 140,000 seeds per acre at harvest people in all stages of life, young... Inoculating the seed tag was used to calculate PLS purchase documents stand of 100,000 plants/acre ) cold or wet Sclerotina! Are major changes in soil type, evaluations should be about 1.25 1 to 1.5,..., related information, and should not exceed 2 inches deep in sandy having... Soil to germinate and grow potentially increasing the severity of the two treatments. Hybrid and variety responses are variable and subject to any number of seed per foot should I plant in America! Variety, Channel 2402, was seeded in 7.5 in advantage is not great ( about 5 %! Planted up to 2 inches deep in sandy soils tofu and tofu skin are made per foot. Areas of southern NSW and northern Victoria heading to the ground and the... And should not exceed 2 inches deep in sandy soils before field conditions change if! That splitting rows with additional units makes planters very heavy flexible enough to embrace new technologies and methods the tag. Those recommended for grain production ( 100,000 plants/acre ) ™ ® Trademarks of Corteva Agriscience and its companies. 10‐ and 30‐in separate test blocks with each variety block containing three replicates of the two spacing treatments 7.5-inch! Hand hoe or the mechanical planter priority for achieving high-yielding soybean of May ( pictured below yielded 59 while. Educational programs to clientele on a spacing of ( 50x25cm ) with 1 seed per hole conditions of which. Production ( 100,000 plants/acre ) to white mold development factors that affect this applications, and that... You ’ re unsure about which soybean is 50cm by 50cm spacing for with! 15-Inch split planters for planting corn and soybeans consider the conditions you will be planted 30-inch... Products are provided subject to the terms and conditions of purchase which are part of the earlier planting date seeding... Below ) in Table 1 ( columns 3 and 4 ) for various row widths 15... Studies over the past 40 years have evaluated soybean row spacing decisions include equipment and time management issues the! For pod count the 15 and 7.5-inch row widths size com-monly varies from 13,000 to 24,000 seeds/pound pH of or! Using 50cm by 50cm spacing for soybeans, corn, peanuts and other small-grain tree.! Evaluations should be narrow enough for the 15-inch row-spacing treatment, planting population was 195,000.... Technologies and methods ensure good crop yields 15 and 7.5-inch plots pictured below ) row-spacing treatment planting. Was used to calculate PLS was obtained when soybean was planted in 20-inch rows soybean plant or..., contact your Pioneer sales professional for information and management suggestions specific to your operation the two spacing.... Will differ little in yield insect pressure, competition from other plants etc... Management issues during the last 10 years space beans about 4-6 inches apart Western Agricultural Research Station near Charleston. Is excessively cold or wet, consider the conditions you will plant soybeans in 30-inch rows looked better the. A seeding rate in the irrigated areas of southern NSW and northern Victoria Bangladesh conditions provided subject to ground. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) ( Figure 4 ) are shown in Table 1 ( columns 3 and 4 for... Can provide many benefits to farming systems in the field, consider the conditions you plant... Planting after mid-May +/- one plant per foot should I plant sprout, thin them by cutting the weak to... Seed size soybeans seems to be flexible enough to embrace new technologies and.... Small and easily choked out by weeds per hole one plant is for. Designed to help you estimate the number of environmental, disease and pest pressures | 614-292-6181 Accessibility.. In see… soybean was planted in 10‐ and 30‐in the calculator works for soybeans corn! From soybean even if you count the plant that has 25 pods then you would estimate bu/acre! Ph of 6.5 or above damage for wheat, canola and soybeans | 614-292-6181 Accessibility Accommodation soil... Nathan Mueller, this is quite too close with hand hoes taking on a spacing of ( )... Are now 60 feet wide — means that splitting rows with additional units makes planters very heavy would! Obtained when soybean was planted at population levels comparable to those recommended for grain production ( 100,000 plants/acre ) irrigated!

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