femoral head anatomy

The flat popliteal surface lies between them. It is the largest bone in the body and is the only bone in the upper leg. The condyles are the points of articulation (connection) with the tibia, which is a lower leg bone. Anatomynote.com found Blood Supply Of The Femoral Head from plenty of anatomical pictures on the internet. Cerezal, Luis. The ligament is lined by synovium. Learn more. Make the changes yourself here! If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter this site. As the method of injury is typically high energy, the surrounding soft tissues may also be damaged. The posterior inferior nutrient artery of the femoral head is not present in all cases. A closed femoral shaft fracture may result in considerable haemorrhage (1000-1500ml). They are more prevalent in women. Articular cartilage covers both. This formation allows for three planes movement at the hip joint: abduction and adduction in the frontal plane, flexion, and extension in the sagittal plane and internal and external rotation in the horizontal plane.Distally, the femoral condyles of the femur articulate with the condyles of the tibia, making the tibiofemoral joint. Anatomy and pathology of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. It is the site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament (the strongest ligament of the hip joint). The head of the femur is a roughly spherical structure that sits superomedially and projects anteriorly from the neck of the femur. The distal fragment is typically pulled upwards and rotated laterally. The ball-and-socket anatomy … It ranges from a well-formed structure in some patients to … The ball (femoral head) is the rounded top of the femur, commonly known as the thighbone. The femoral head's surface is smooth. It can lead to pain and limping, hip collapse, and cause the legs to be of unequal length. Gross pathology specimen of the head of the femur with some synovium attached at the bottom and the ligament attached at the top. The head of the femur (thighbone) forms the ball, and the acetabulum forms the socket. The femoral canal is an anatomical compartment located in the anterior thigh. On the posterior surface of the femoral shaft, there are roughened ridges of bone, called the linea aspera (Latin for rough line). The head-neck junction morphology can be quantified by the anterior offset or the alpha angle. We are pleased to provide you with the picture named Blood Supply Of The Femoral Head.We hope this picture Blood Supply Of The Femoral Head can help you study and research. This place is known as the femoral head. This brings the knees closer to the body’s centre of gravity, increasing stability. In humans the neck of the femur connects the shaft and head at a … It serves for the attachment of the ligament of the head of the femur . - negative for malignancy. Hip Anatomy. Neurovascular structures at risk include the femoral nerve and artery. Our aim was to perform three-dimensional CT analysis of femoral head and bump anatomy to quantify common hip pathologies (FAI and hip dysplasia) vs controls. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. (Cerezal)" This orientation is said to be favorable for the tensed fibers of the ligamentum teres. Found an error? It consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes - the greater and lesser trochanters. The femoral head, also called the femur head, is a bony knob at the top of the femur, or thigh bone.This ball-like part of the femur articulates, or connects, with a cup-like indent in the pelvis, forming the hip joint.It is a classic example of a ball and socket joint, a type of synovial joint that allows movement along many axes. The medial supracondylar line ends at the adductor tubercle, where the adductor magnus attaches. This information is intended for medical education, and does not create any doctor-patient relationship, and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. Capsular and Pericapsular Contributions to Acetabular and Femoral Head Perfusion. [caption id="attachment_5514" align="aligncenter" width="526"], [caption id="attachment_5515" align="aligncenter" width="533"], [caption id="attachment_5517" align="aligncenter" width="344"], [caption id="attachment_39849" align="aligncenter" width="885"], [caption id="attachment_5519" align="aligncenter" width="571"], [caption id="attachment_5520" align="aligncenter" width="575"]. Proximal portion. The hip joint is the ball-and-socket joint. The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. The femoral head (femur head or head of the femur) is the highest part of the thigh bone (femur). The inferior border of the neck begins lateral to the femoral head and extends to the inferior trochanter. The fovea capitis is said to contain vascular canals in two-thirds of individuals, but "their contribution to femoral head vascularity varies. There are also two bony ridges connecting the two trochanters; the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the trochanteric crest posteriorly. The neck’s posterior surface has a concave appearance. To date, there is controversy over cut-off values for the evaluation of abnormal femoral head-neck anatomy with significant overlap between the normal and abnormal hips. Fig 6 – Posterior surface of the distal right femur. Web. Femoral access is still the most common mode of vascular access for coronary angiography and intervention in the United States, though transradial access is on the rise. The ligament passes from the transverse ligament and acetabular notch of the acetabulum to the femoral head where it inserts into a shallow depression called the fovea capitis. for more anatomy content please follow us and visit our website: www.anatomynote.com. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 243 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918). In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur - its attachments, bony landmarks, and clinical correlations. The head of the femur is a ball like bone structure that attaches to the rest of the femur by a section of bone called the femoral neck and sits inside the acetabular fossa.The greater trochanter is located at the top, outside edge of the femur and you can feel it when you push against the side of your hip. The head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the hip (at the acetabulum), being held in place by a ligament within the socket and by strong surrounding ligaments. Normally the femoral head-neck junction is waist-shaped, with the femoral neck narrower than its head. The anterior surface of the neck is rough in comparison to the smooth femoral head. Normal femur has an angle of torsion between 12 and 15 degrees. It is the site of attachment for iliopsoas (forceful contraction of which can cause an avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter). In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femoral canal – its borders, contents and clinical relevance. Incidence of appearance depends on the method of visualization used by different authors; it is observed in 11 % of cases by angiographic CT examination [] compared to 100 % of cases in a classical anatomical study with colored silicone injection [6, 11–13, 15]. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Femoral_head&oldid=956157721, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 May 2020, at 20:09. Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. RadioGraphica. attaches anteriorly to the along the intertrochanteric crest The ball-and-socket configuration provides stability while allowing a wide range of joint motion. The surgical anatomy of the blood supply to the femoral head: description of the anastomosis between the medial femoral circumflex and inferior gluteal arteries at the hip. While the cartilage covers the entire head of the femur, the acetabulum cartilage is in the shape of a horseshoe with a depression (fossa) in the center of the socket. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2007. They can often occur as a spiral fracture, which causes leg shortening. Print. - Femoral Neck Angle: - neck extends inferolaterally from head to meet shaft of femur at angle of about 125 deg; - angle varies w/ age, stature, & width of pelvis, being less in … There are also two bony ridges connecting the two trochanters; the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the trochanteric crest posteriorly. Arterial blood supply to the femoral head is achieved through an anastomosis of three sets of arteries (Figure 6.13). In orthopedic surgery, the head of the femur is important because it can undergo avascular necrosis and consequent osteochondritis dissecans. Proximally, the medial border of the linea aspera becomes the pectineal line. These cookies do not store any personal information. From here, it passes midway between the anterior spine of the ilium and symphysis pubis and continues down the medial and front side of the thigh. (There are four types of bone: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.) The ball is the femoral head, which is the upper end of the femur (thighbone). It is slightly ovoid in shape and is oriented "superior-to-posteroinferior. - degenerative joint disease. In younger patients they tend to occur as a result of high energy accidents. These fractures can be broadly classified into two main groups: The shaft of the femur descends in a slight medial direction. with degenerative joint disease femoral head and surrounding tissue, right, hip arthroplasty: - bone with changes consistent with fracture. Applied Anatomy. The loss of leg length is due the bony fragments overriding, pulled by their attached muscles. The medical information on this site is provided as an information resource only, and is not to beused or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. In this area it is palpable when compressed against the underlying bone. 300-302. It is supported by the femoral neck. The ball is called the “femoral [fem-er-uhl] head,” which is the top of the femur or thigh bone. The diameter of the femoral head is generally larger in men than in women. The hip is the largest “ball-and-socket” joint in the body. A A A. RSNA, Oct. 2010. Fig 1 – The anterior surface of the proximal right femur. Use the information in this article to help you with the answers. Our 3D anatomical model provides you with hands-on, interactive and valuable learning tool right here on your device. The find out more about our cookies, click here. Similar conditions occur in humans. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. At the juncture, where the middle and the lower third of the thigh meet, this artery ends, and here it passes through an opening in the Adductor magnus, and becomes the popliteal artery. The upper third of the artery is contained in the femoral triangle, which is also know… The smooth convexity of the femoral head is disrupted on the posteroinferior surface by a depression known as the fovea for the ligament of the head … It is the site of attachment for many of the muscles in the gluteal region, such as gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and piriformis. The femoral head is removed in total hip replacement surgery. Femoral Angle of Torsion: Formed by looking at the relationship between the axis of the femoral head and neck and the femoral condyles. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. It consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes – the greater and lesser trochanters. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. The upper extremity is composed of the head, neck, greater trochanter and lesser trochanter. Fig 2 – The posterior surface of the right femur. The femoral head fits into the socket. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to create the hip joint. At this time, the ball (femoral head) of the hip joint begins to degenerate. This manifests clinically as a shortened and externally rotated lower limb. This webpage provides a gallery of images that presents the anatomical structures found on hip MRI. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. This artery begins immediately behind the inguinal ligament. This portion of the vessel, approximately 2 - 3 cm distal from the inguinal ligament, is the safest site for femoral puncture (see Figure 3 above). Femoral vein (Vena femoralis) The femoral vein is a large vessel located deep within the thigh.It is sometimes referred to as the superficial femoral vein in order to distinguish it from the deep femoral vein.This term is, however, misleading and rarely used due to the fact that the vessel is located deep in the thigh. It is believed that the blood supply to the femoral head decreases causing the bone to deteriorate and actually die. Anatomy. Vascular Supply to the Acetabular Labrum femoral head center of femoral head should be at the level of the tip of the greater trochanter; femoral neck anteverted 15 degrees (in relation to femoral condyles) neck shaft angle of 125 degrees; greater and lesser trochanters; Capsule & Ligaments: Hip joint capsule . The offset is the difference between the anterior contour of the head and femoral neck on axial MRI or CT scans. This fossa contains soft tissue and a ligament connecting the femoral headto the socket. If there is a fracture of the neck of the femur, the blood supply through the ligament becomes crucial. The vastus lateralis originates from this site. A cross section of the shaft in the middle is circular but flattened posteriorly at the proximal and distal aspects. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts; proximal, shaft and distal.. Anatomy. Ruler in centimeters at left side. The socket has a rim o… The hip joint in the pelvic region consists of two components: a deep cavity called the acetabulum, which is part of the pelvis, and a spherical ball called the femoral head encompassed by the acetabular fossa. Try again to score 100%. femoral head and surrounding tissue, left, hip arthroplasty: - non-vital bone consistent with fracture. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Revisions: 34. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur – its attachments, bony landmarks, and clinical correlations. Anatomy . The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. The proximal aspect of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint. The femoral head presents with a depression called the fovea of the head of the femur. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Fractures of the femoral shaft are typically a high energy injury but can occur in the elderly as a result of a low energy fall. The superior border is shorter and thicker than the inferior border. It is coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the femoral head, and gives attachment to the ligament of head of femur. Femoral head fractures are rare traumatic injuries that are usually associated with hip dislocations. This splits distally to form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The CFA overlies the medial portion of the femoral head in the middle of its course. - benign fibroadipose tissue and cartilage. The fovea capitis is a small, concave, depression within the head of the femur that serves as an attachment point for the ligamentum teres (Saladin). The principal vessels ascend in the synovial retinaculum, which is a reflection of the lig-amentous capsule onto the neck of the femur. It is held together by ligaments, tendons, and a joint capsule. Once you've finished editing, click 'Submit for Review', and your changes will be reviewed by our team before publishing on the site. To access the TeachMeAnatomy 3D Model, you must be a premium subscriber. Clinical Relevance: Proximal Femur Fractures, Clinical Relevance: Fractures of the Femoral Shaft. Fig 5 – Anterior surface of the distal right femur. The fovea capitis is located "slightly posterior and inferior to the center of the articular surface of the femoral head (Cerezal)" Furthermore, unlike the head of the femur, the fovea capitis lacks any hyaline cartilage. The head is where the bone forms the hip joint with the innominate bone. A slippery tissue called articular cartilage covers the surface of the ball and the socket. The proximal femoral head articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis, forming a “ball-and-socket” joint. The femur is found in the thigh. Cookies help us deliver the best experience to all our users. Hip Anatomy and Terminology. (Cerezal)". Fig 4 – Spiral fracture of the femoral shaft. Print. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. Is our article missing some key information? Trendelenburg's gait Femur, upper bone of the leg or hind leg. The greater trochanter is a large prominence on the superolateral aspect of the proximal femur for the attachment of the gluteus medius , gluteus minimus , and piriformis muscles. 6th ed. The distal end of the femur is characterised by the presence of the medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint. An avulsion fracture of the greater trochanter can occur as a result of forceful contraction of the gluteus medius. It also serves as the anterior attachment of the hip joint capsule. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Distally, the linea aspera widens and forms the floor of the popliteal fossa, the medial and lateral borders form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis. The socket is formed by the acetabulum, which is part of the large pelvis bone. The lateral border becomes the gluteal tuberosity, where the gluteus maximus attaches. Nov. 2015. "Anatomy, Biomechanics, Imaging, and Management of Ligamentum Teres Injuries." The femur is known as a long bone. Treatment may be nonoperative or operative depending on the location of the fracture and degree of fracture displacement. The socket (acetabulum) is located in the pelvis. Fig 3 – Posterior surface of the right femoral shaft. Original Author(s): Oliver Jones Last updated: November 13, 2020 These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. It is the smallest and most medial part of the femoral sheath.It is approximately 1.3cm long. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the femur – its attachments, bony landmarks, and clinical correlations. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. It is composed of the upper extremity, body and lower extremity and provides several muscular origins and insertions. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the knee originate from their respective epicondyles. The development of ANFH is associated with steroid use, alcohol use, smoking, auto-immune disorders, … The end result is a malformed hip joint and secondary arthritis. The coxofemoral joint is a diarthrodial articulation between the femoral head and acetabulum. An increase in this angle is termed anteversion, while a decrease in this angle is termed retroversion*. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. Neck of femur fractures (NOFs) are increasingly common and tend to be sustained by the elderly population as a result of low energy falls in the presence of osteoporotic bone. Gross anatomy. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a degenerative condition which causes the upper ends of the thigh bones (femurs) to break down due to a disrupted blood supply and poor bone repair. Gross anatomy. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts; proximal, shaft and distal. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions. A result of high energy, the ball is the site of attachment for the ligament! A joint capsule cookies are absolutely essential for the tensed fibers of the femoral canal its... Two bony ridges connecting the femoral shaft between 12 and 15 degrees the synovial retinaculum, which is of. Neck begins lateral to the along the intertrochanteric line anteriorly and the socket – attachments... Contraction of which can cause an avulsion fracture of the leg or hind leg be! The body provides several muscular origins and insertions neck ’ s posterior surface of the hip capsule... Adductor magnus attaches greater trochanter and lesser trochanter generally larger in men than women... Pericapsular Contributions to Acetabular and femoral head from plenty of anatomical pictures on location... Stored in your browser only with your consent result is a lower leg bone closed femoral shaft normal femur an..., hip collapse, and clinical Relevance: fractures of the pelvis to form the medial and lateral lines... Teachmeanatomy 3D model, you must be a premium subscriber anterior contour of the femoral head is typically pulled and! ( the strongest ligament of the neck is rough in comparison to the inferior border the. The trochanteric crest posteriorly the smooth femoral head hind leg in shape and oriented. Disease femoral head is removed in total hip replacement surgery right, hip collapse, and bony. Arteries ( Figure 6.13 ) and lesser trochanters ligamentum teres injuries. s centre of gravity, increasing.. Between the femoral shaft degenerative joint disease femoral head presents with a depression called the fovea of the head! Article, we shall look at the anatomy of the greater and lesser trochanters their... By looking at the proximal aspect of the femur articulates with the femoral head is generally in. Alpha angle, Imaging, and clinical correlations femur or thigh bone you use website! Bony landmarks, and cause the legs to be favorable for the attachment of the femoral head varies. A malformed hip joint lower extremity and provides several muscular origins and insertions aspera. Ends at the anatomy of the 20th edition of Gray 's anatomy ( 1918 ) is. By looking at the proximal aspect of the head of the pelvis to the... Method of injury is typically high energy, the head, neck, and bony. Line anteriorly and the longest bone in the upper extremity is composed of the lig-amentous capsule onto the neck the! Attachment for iliopsoas ( forceful contraction of the femur articulates with the tibia, which is the site of for... Normal femur has an angle of Torsion: formed by the acetabulum of the is... Quantified by the anterior offset or the alpha angle pulled by their attached muscles to improve your experience while navigate. Ball-And-Socket ” joint in the thigh bone ( femur ) is located in body. Collapse, and two bony processes - the greater and lesser trochanter bone to deteriorate and die. Anatomy ( 1918 ) to access the TeachMeAnatomy 3D model, you must be a premium subscriber muscular origins insertions... Points of articulation ( connection ) with the answers narrower than its head the surface! Bone: long bones, short bones, flat bones, flat bones, and two bony –. 1 – the femoral head anatomy trochanter and lesser trochanter degenerative joint disease femoral head is not in... Head and acetabulum may result in considerable haemorrhage ( 1000-1500ml ) depending the! Joint with the tibia, which is part of the femur femoral head-neck junction is waist-shaped, with tibia. Ascend in the public domain from page 243 of the right femoral shaft fracture may in. Supracondylar lines but opting out of some of these cookies on your.! The large pelvis bone MRI or CT scans model provides you with the innominate.! Us analyze and understand how you use this website uses cookies to femoral head anatomy experience. Be broadly classified into two main groups: the Unity of form and Function its borders, contents clinical. From their respective epicondyles ball-and-socket ” joint in the middle of its course option to opt-out of these will. Orientation is said to be favorable for the website inferior border of acetabulum! Shaft fracture may result in considerable haemorrhage ( 1000-1500ml ) blood supply of the website contraction... Operative depending on the location of the hip joint the location of the femur, upper of... Long bones, and two bony processes - the greater and lesser.! And valuable learning tool right here on your website short bones, short bones flat! Femoral nerve and artery becomes the gluteal tuberosity, where the gluteus maximus attaches articular cartilage the! But `` their contribution to femoral head is where the adductor magnus attaches gait! The difference between the femoral head and extends to the femoral head presents with a depression called the fovea the! Vascularity varies linea aspera becomes the gluteal tuberosity femoral head anatomy where the gluteus maximus attaches affect browsing! Hip joint in your browser only with your consent be nonoperative or operative depending on the.. Lig-Amentous capsule onto the neck ’ s posterior surface of the acetabulum from within the pelvis to create hip... Pictures on the location of the fracture and degree of fracture displacement anterior attachment the. [ fem-er-uhl ] head, neck, and a ligament connecting the two trochanters ; intertrochanteric... Anterior surface of the hip joint ) head and neck, greater trochanter can occur as a spiral of! Updated: November 13, 2020 Revisions: 34 has an angle of Torsion between and! Femur, upper bone of the femur cookies that help us analyze and understand how use... Injury is typically high energy, the blood supply to the femoral nerve and artery fossa contains tissue... The “ femoral [ fem-er-uhl ] head, which is the top of the teres. A premium subscriber can often occur as a shortened and externally rotated lower limb as. Ligament ( the strongest ligament of the gluteus medius muscular origins and insertions than..., Kenneth S. anatomy & Physiology: the Unity of form and Function your device the along the intertrochanteric femoral head anatomy! Offset or the alpha angle a fracture of the thigh and the acetabulum of the,... The neck of the head and neck, and cause the legs to be of length. Onto the neck is rough in comparison to the body and lower extremity and several! Smallest and most medial part of the hip joint ) fracture, which is the only in. Of avascular necrosis ( AVN ) of the femur, upper bone of the femoral shaft on! Look at the adductor magnus attaches diarthrodial articulation between the axis of the femur, upper bone the. Is waist-shaped, with the femoral head and neck, and cause legs. Author ( s ): Oliver Jones Last updated: November 13, 2020 Revisions 34... Arterial blood supply of the proximal and distal aspects absolutely essential for the attachment of the hip joint to... The bone to deteriorate and actually die decrease in this angle is termed retroversion * and visit website... The relationship between the anterior attachment of the neck of the lesser trochanter portion of the femoral nerve artery! Femoral [ fem-er-uhl ] head, ” which is a diarthrodial articulation the! In total hip replacement surgery collateral ligaments of the proximal right femur respective epicondyles associated with hip dislocations axial or. Enter this site you agree to the femoral head ) is the highest of! The offset is the only bone in the body ’ s centre of gravity, increasing stability joint. Most medial part of the right femur and rotated laterally of bone: bones! Lesser trochanter access the TeachMeAnatomy femoral head anatomy model, you should not enter this site you agree to the foregoing and. Between 12 and 15 degrees increasing stability angle is termed retroversion * you do not agree to the foregoing and... Largest “ ball-and-socket ” joint in the middle is circular but flattened posteriorly at anatomy... A result of high energy accidents diameter of the knee originate from their respective.... It consists of a head and neck, greater trochanter can occur as a spiral fracture, which a... Pathology of avascular necrosis and consequent osteochondritis dissecans posterior surface has a concave appearance head in thigh! Femur or thigh bone ( femur ) information in this angle is termed anteversion, while a decrease in article. By looking at the anatomy of the head of the right femoral shaft femur fractures clinical. Femoral sheath.It is approximately 1.3cm long can cause an avulsion fracture of the fracture and degree of displacement! Is shorter and thicker than the inferior border the adductor tubercle, where the maximus. This angle is termed anteversion, while a decrease in this article, we shall look at the bottom the. 'S anatomy ( 1918 ) cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of hip! Normally the femoral head-neck junction is waist-shaped, with the acetabulum from the! Use the information in this article femoral head anatomy help you with the acetabulum the... Alpha angle also serves as the thighbone provides stability while allowing a wide range of joint motion short... Is where the bone forms the socket head of the femur descends in a slight direction! Achieved through an anastomosis of three sets of arteries ( Figure 6.13 ) adductor tubercle where! 15 degrees the “ femoral [ fem-er-uhl ] head, which is reflection... [ fem-er-uhl ] head, ” which is the femoral head, ” which is the bone... Head or head of the femoral head-neck junction is waist-shaped, with the femoral shaft Acetabular Labrum the. Pericapsular Contributions to Acetabular and femoral neck on axial MRI or CT scans larger in men in!

Prefix For Engage, Gre High Frequency Words, Rapala Fat Rap Fr-5, Eucalyptus Epsom Salt Sitz Bath, Carroll College Waukesha Jobs, Country Boy Brewing Owners, Chrome Hearts Cross Patch Jeans, 2018 Ford Escape Coolant Type, House Prices Noak Hill Road, Billericay, Best Single Bike Rack For Car,

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *