The coastal plain region, low-lying hills and river valleys of Pennsylvania were notable for their long summers and mild winters. In addition, the Delaware General Corporation Law, which forms the basis of the Courts' opinions, is widely regarded as giving great flexibility to corporations to manage their affairs. [70][71], In late 2015, DuPont announced that 1,700 employees, nearly a third of its footprint in Delaware, would be laid off in early 2016. [32], Delaware's history as a border state has led it to exhibit characteristics of both the Northern and the Southern regions of the United States. The Delmarva Peninsula occupies portions of three U.S. states: Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. DE 9 is a north–south highway connecting Dover and Wilmington via a scenic route along the Delaware Bay. [111], As of 2011[update], the Delaware Department of Education had authorized the founding of 25 charter schools in the state, one of them being all-girls. Other general aviation airports in Delaware include Summit Airport near Middletown, Delaware Airpark near Cheswold, and Delaware Coastal Airport near Georgetown. Temperatures in southern Delaware usually run about two degrees higher than these figures. Delaware is 96 miles (154 km) long and ranges from 9 miles (14 km) to 35 miles (56 km) across, totaling 1,954 square miles (5,060 km2), making it the second-smallest state in the United States after Rhode Island. [56][57] Neither bill was passed in the legislature. The citizenry had a good relationship with the Proprietary government, and generally were allowed more independence of action in their Colonial Assembly than in other colonies. Delaware was at first an all white colony, however in years that came, delaware took on slaves, but in a small number. The annual average precipitation is nearly 45 inches (1,140 mm). Delaware has been home to professional wrestling outfit Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW). Delaware's swing to the Democrats is in part due to a strong Democratic trend in New Castle County, home to 55 percent of Delaware's population (the two smaller counties have only 359,000 people between them to New Castle County's 535,000). The colony became a slave society and cultivated tobacco as a cash crop, although English immigrants continued to arrive. Residents of Sussex County will also use Wicomico Regional Airport (SBY), as it is located less than 10 miles (16 km) from the Delaware border. They were descendants chiefly of relationships or marriages between white servant women and enslaved, servant or free African or African-American men. [85][86] Funding for DelDOT projects is drawn, in part, from the Delaware Transportation Trust Fund, established in 1987 to help stabilize transportation funding; the availability of the Trust led to a gradual separation of DelDOT operations from other Delaware state operations. In 2009, DelDOT maintained 13,507 lane-miles, totaling 89 percent of the state's public roadway system, the rest being under the supervision of individual municipalities. Major origin markets for Delaware tourists include Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, with 97% of tourists arriving to the state by car and 75% of tourists coming from a distance of 200 miles (320 km) or less.[117]. Small portions of Delaware are also situated on the eastern side of the Delaware River sharing land boundaries with New Jersey. In 1992, 2000, 2004, and 2016, the Republican presidential candidate carried both Kent and Sussex but lost by double digits each time in New Castle County, which was a large enough margin to swing the state to the Democrats. Delaware was the origin of Belton v. Gebhart (1952), one of the four cases which were combined into Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court of the United States decision that led to the end of officially segregated public schools. Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and some islands and territory within the Delaware River. Penn strongly desired access to the sea for his Pennsylvania province and leased what then came to be known as the "Lower Counties on the Delaware"[21] from the Duke. The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle in present-day Delaware in the middle region by establishing a trading post at Zwaanendael, near the site of Lewes in 1631. [92][93] This was a successor to the Del-Mar-Va Express and Cavalier, which had run from Philadelphia through the state's interior, to the end of the Delmarva Peninsula until the mid-1950s. [113], Delaware's sister state in Japan is Miyagi Prefecture.[114]. Only the dramatic overnight ride of Caesar Rodney gave the delegation the votes needed to cast Delaware's vote for independence. [91] CSX connects with the freight/heritage operation, the Wilmington and Western Railroad, based in Wilmington and the East Penn Railroad, which operates a line from Wilmington to Coatesville, Pennsylvania. [72] The merger of E.I. In August 1777 General Sir William Howe led a British army through Delaware on his way to a victory at the Battle of Brandywine and capture of the city of Philadelphia. Most functions which are handled on a county-by-county basis in other states—such as court and law enforcement—have been centralized in Delaware, leading to a significant concentration of power in the Delaware state government. Most cash income from farming comes from poultry raising, centred in Sussex county. Dependent in early years on indentured labor, Delaware imported more slaves as the number of English immigrants decreased with better economic conditions in England. Delaware's many rivers lead into the Delaware Bay, a passage to the Atlantic Ocean. The climate of Delaware is humid and temperate. Many whites left the city for the suburbs, and African Americans migrated from the Delmarva Peninsula and farther south to take their place. [46] The center of population of Delaware is in New Castle County, in the town of Townsend. Therefore, Delaware commercial airline passengers most frequently use Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI) and Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD) for domestic and international transit. ... A Primary Source History of the Colony of Delaware (Rosen, 2006). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Fishing is a major industry in Delaware, with crab fishing being very popular. (The company sold its textile fibres division in 2004.). The Unami Lenape in the Delaware Valley were closely related to Munsee Lenape tribes along the Hudson River. Delaware, Delaware gets 45 inches of rain, on average, per year. Initially led by John Haslet, Delaware provided one of the premier regiments in the Continental Army, known as the "Delaware Blues" and nicknamed the "Blue Hen's Chicks". [citation needed], It has been noted that the tar and chip composition of secondary roads in Sussex County makes them more prone to deterioration than are the asphalt roadways in almost the rest of the state. This toponymic could derive from Latin ager, from the Breton gwern or from the Late Latin varectum (fallow). Less than 2% of dleaware's population was that of slaves. The peninsula's land is flat, with a few low-lying hills in the north. Several large banks took advantage of this opportunity, but the most prominent credit-card lender was MBNA, which had become the state’s largest commercial employer by the beginning of the 21st century; shortly thereafter, MBNA merged with Bank of America. A group of Native Americans of mixed ethnicity, called Moors, live in the vicinity of Cheswold in Kent county, and descendants of the Nanticoke live near Millsboro in Sussex county. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. DIS, also known as the Monster Mile, is one of only 10 tracks in the nation to have hosted 100 or more NASCAR Cup Series races. The A.U.M.P. It was a perfect climate for farming Delaware's all-time record high of 110 °F (43 °C) was recorded at Millsboro on July 21, 1930. About two-thirds of Delaware’s population lives in New Castle county. On average, there are 202 sunny days per … Dover is the state capital and the second most populous city (38,079). August, which has the second warmest temperatures after July, is also the rainiest month, with an average precipitation of about 5.5 inches (140 mm), whereas February has the least precipitation, an average of about 3 inches (75 mm). [20] Within a year all the settlers were killed in a dispute with area Native American tribes. The economies of these colonies were chiefly based on labor-intensive tobacco and increasingly dependent on African slaves because of a decline in working class immigrants from England. The Northeast Corridor is also served by SEPTA's Wilmington/Newark Line of Regional Rail, which serves Claymont, Wilmington, Churchmans Crossing, and Newark. Geography: The geography of colonial Delaware was mostly flat low land.The fertile soil helped the economy thrive. The Delaware colony is the best one of them all, unlike the Georgia colony. Most of the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania was originally defined by an arc extending 12 miles (19.3 km) from the cupola of the courthouse in the city of New Castle. Church. Although Protestants account for almost half of the population,[58] the Catholic Church is the largest single denomination in the state. Like the other middle colonies, the Lower Counties on the Delaware initially showed little enthusiasm for a break with Britain. The definition of the northern boundary of the state is unusual. Delaware's largest city is Wilmington, while the state capital is Dover, the second-largest city in the state. The Atlantic Seaboard fall line approximately follows the Robert Kirkwood Highway between Newark and Wilmington; south of this road is the Atlantic Coastal Plain with flat, sandy, and, in some parts, swampy ground. New Castle County also elects a substantial majority of the legislature; 27 of the 41 state house districts and 14 of the 21 state senate districts are based in New Castle County. You won't ever have to worry about going hungry here. Delaware is represented in rugby by the Delaware Black Foxes, a 2015 expansion club. In 2016, Delaware's electoral votes went to Hillary Clinton by 11 percentage points. New Castle County has not voted Republican in a presidential election since 1988. Rehoboth Beach often bills itself as "The Nation's Summer Capital" because it is a frequent summer vacation destination for Washington, D.C., residents as well as visitors from Maryland, Virginia, and in lesser numbers, Pennsylvania. More recently, population growth in the more-rural counties of Kent and Sussex has expanded, as new industrial plants and resort communities have been built there and as poultry farming has grown. Wilmington, the largest city, is situated in the area where the Brandywine, Christina, and Delaware rivers come together. John Smith also shows two Iroquoian tribes, the Kuskarawock and Tockwogh, living north of the Nanticoke—they may have held small portions of land in the western part of the state before migrating across the Chesapeake Bay. Delaware is home to Dover International Speedway and Dover Downs. [15] The northernmost part of the state is part of the Piedmont Plateau with hills and rolling surfaces. Dover Air Force Base, one of the largest in the country, is home to the 436th Airlift Wing and the 512th Airlift Wing. There is also a small population of Asians among New Castle county’s scientific and engineering professionals. What was the geography and climate like in 1600s colonial Delaware? Multiple short-line railroads provide freight service in Delaware. Delaware has a humid climate with hot summers and mild winters. The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique. In the northern third of the state are found Northeastern coastal forests and mixed oak forests typical of the northeastern United States. According to the Delaware state website, monthly temperatures in Delaware range on average from 75.8 to 32.0 degrees Fahrenheit. The colony of New Sweden lasted 17 years. The Kuskarawocks were mo… The all-time record low of −17 °F (−27 °C) was also recorded at Millsboro, on January 17, 1893. By 1810 three-quarters of all blacks in Delaware were free. In 1638 New Sweden, a Swedish trading post and colony, was established at Fort Christina (now in Wilmington) by Peter Minuit at the head of a group of Swedes, Finns and Dutch. While most Delaware citizens who fought in the war served in the regiments of the state, some served in companies on the Confederate side in Maryland and Virginia Regiments. The US average is 28 inches of snow per year. Following the Battle of Brandywine, Wilmington was occupied by the British, and State President John McKinly was taken prisoner. In some areas, Delaware is 100 miles long and 30 miles wide. Because of surveying errors, the actual line is several compound arcs with centers at different points in New Castle. While the southern two counties have historically been predominantly agricultural, New Castle is more urbanized. It is located within commuting distance of both Philadelphia and Baltimore. Before Delaware was settled by European colonists, the area was home to the Eastern Algonquian tribes known as the Unami Lenape, or Delaware, who lived mostly along the coast, and the Nanticoke who occupied much of the southern Delmarva Peninsula. Salisbury's CBS affiliate, WBOC-TV, maintains bureaus in Dover and Milton. [35] The U.S. Census Bureau designates Delaware as one of the South Atlantic States, but it is commonly associated with the Mid-Atlantic States and/or Northeastern United States by other federal agencies, the media, and some residents.[36][37][38][39][40][41]. Hardwoods are characteristic in the north, but pines become mixed with hardwoods in the south. During this time, its major crops were … Prominent Delawareans include the du Pont family of politicians and businesspersons and the Biden family among whom Joe Biden is notable as the United States president-elect. Significantly, Belton was the only case in which the state court found for the plaintiffs, thereby ruling that segregation is unconstitutional. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Delaware was 973,764 on July 1, 2019, an 8.4% increase since the 2010 United States Census. Wilmington is the state's most populous city (70,635) and its economic hub. The climate of Delaware is humid and temperate. Atlantic City International Airport (ACY), Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR), and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) are also within a 100-mile (160 km) radius of New Castle County. The Court of Chancery and the Delaware Supreme Court have developed a worldwide reputation for rendering concise opinions concerning corporate law which generally (but not always) grant broad discretion to corporate boards of directors and officers. Church, the oldest African-American denomination in the nation, was founded in Wilmington. Delaware Colony in the North American Middle Colonies consisted of land on the west bank of the Delaware River Bay.In the early 17th century the area was inhabited by Lenape and possibly the Assateague tribes of Native Americans. The British remained in control of the Delaware River for much of the rest of the war, disrupting commerce and providing encouragement to an active Loyalist portion of the population, particularly in Sussex County. Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south. Delaware is bounded to the north by Pennsylvania; to the east by the Delaware River, Delaware Bay, New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean; and to the west and south by Maryland. Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682. [103] In 2011 Delaware passed legislation placing a 15 business day time limit on addressing freedom-of-information requests, to either produce information or an explanation of why such information would take longer than this time to produce. The vast majority of Delaware in very flat, averaging about 58 feet in altitude. This page provides an overview of the steps Delaware is taking to prepare for the impacts of climate change. For instance, the casino at Delaware Park Racetrack provided more than $100 million to the state in 2010. Various airlines had served Wilmington Airport, the latest departure being Frontier Airlines in April 2015.[96]. In September of 2013, Governor Jack Markell established the Governor’s Committee on Climate and Resiliency through Executive Order 41, Preparing Delaware for Emerging Climate Impacts and Seizing Economic Opportunities from Reducing Emissions. It's bordered by the Chesapeake Bay on the west, and the Delaware River, Delaware Bay, and Atlantic Ocean on the east. [80] In Delaware, there are more than a million registered corporations,[81] meaning there are more corporations than people. Delaware provides government subsidy support for the clean-up of property "lightly contaminated" by hazardous waste, the proceeds for which come from a tax on wholesale petroleum sales.[18]. The surname de La Warr comes from Sussex and is of Anglo-Norman origin. Delaware is also home to two large sporting venues. After 1945, economic development, especially in the chemical industry, attracted many skilled newcomers to northern Delaware, which, in turn, spurred the development of suburbs around Wilmington. Fighting off a prior claim by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, Proprietor of Maryland, the Duke passed his somewhat dubious ownership on to William Penn in 1682. Mean annual temperatures across the State range from 54.0 ° F in northern New Castle County to 58.1 ° F along the Atlantic coast of southern Delaware. Delaware has six different income tax brackets, ranging from 2.2% to 5.95%. Soybeans are an important crop; other major agricultural products include corn (maize), milk, and vegetables. According to the 2010 United States Census, Delaware had a population of 897,934. In the early 1920s farmers in Sussex county discovered the profitability of trucking young chickens to the Philadelphia poultry market. As of 2000 91% of Delaware residents age 5 and older speak only English at home; 5% speak Spanish. Delaware is notable for being the only slave state from which no Confederate regiments or militia groups were assembled. The Delaware Constitution establishes a number of courts: Minor non-constitutional courts include the Justice of the Peace Courts and Aldermen's Courts. The person best representing Delaware's majority, George Read, could not bring himself to vote for a Declaration of Independence. The state is divided into three counties, having the lowest number of any state; from north to south, they are New Castle County, Kent County, and Sussex County. For the indigenous people, see, Map of the United States with Delaware highlighted, Interactive map showing border of Delaware (click to zoom), 2018 United States Census Bureau Estimate. The Delmarva Central Railroad operates the most trackage of the short-line railroads, running from an interchange with Norfolk Southern in Porter south through Dover, Harrington, and Seaford to Delmar, with another line running from Harrington to Frankford and branches from Ellendale to Milton and from Georgetown to Gravel Hill. Majestic Hardwood trees are found in the north of Delaware and Pine trees are found in the south of Delaware. [42], Delaware is the sixth most densely populated state, with a population density of 442.6 people per square mile, 356.4 per square mile more than the national average, and ranking 45th in population. Delaware is centrally situated in the Northeast megalopolis region of cities along I-95. By the end of the colonial period, the number of enslaved people in Delaware began to decline. The remaining western border runs slightly east of due south from its intersection with the arc. The first European settlers in the area were Swedes, who were Lutheran Protestants, and the Dutch, who practiced Protestant Calvinism. Dover International Speedway is a race track in Dover, and Frawley Stadium in Wilmington is the home of the Wilmington Blue Rocks, a Minor League Baseball team. Delaware’s climate is changing. Delaware is home to an Amish community which resides west of Dover in Kent County, consisting of nine church districts and about 1,650 people. Many colonial settlers came to Delaware from Maryland and Virginia, where the population had been increasing rapidly. Most of Delaware's soil is very fertile yet somewhat sandy. The Delaware General Assembly consists of a House of Representatives with 41 members and a Senate with 21 members. The peninsula is about 180 long, and nearly 71 miles wide. Interrupting the farm and woodlands of this flat, relatively low-density area are the city of Dover, together with its suburbs and a U.S. Air Force base, the seashore communities of Rehoboth Beach and Bethany Beach—which attract many retirees—and towns such as Milford, Georgetown, Laurel, Selbyville, and Millsboro. In colonial times Delaware’s population consisted largely of people from the British Isles, slaves from Africa, and some Germans, along with a few remaining Native Americans. Saltwater marsh, Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge, Delaware. The hardiness zones are 7a and 7b. Philadelphia's ABC affiliate, WPVI-TV, maintains a news bureau in downtown Wilmington. Appalled by the condition of the black schools, du Pont donated four million dollars to construct 86 new school buildings.[110]. Today Sussex county is a national centre for the production of broilers (young chickens). [78] Although "USA (Delaware)" ranked as the world's most opaque jurisdiction on the Tax Justice Network's 2009 Financial Secrecy Index,[79] the same group's 2011 Index ranks the U.S. fifth and does not specify Delaware. For these reasons, Delaware is considered to have the most business-friendly legal system in the United States; therefore a great number of companies are incorporated in Delaware, including 60% of the companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Neighboring colonies such as Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey surround Delaware. It still has a substantial presence in the state. This is the fewest among all states. It sits in Dover, the state capital. Business and occupational license tax rates range from 0.096% to 1.92%, depending on the category of business activity. However, there are small, rolling hills in the northern parts of the colony. Pennsylvania was one of the Middle colonies, along with New York, New Jersey, Maryland and Delaware. This centralized system, combined with the small size of the state, likely contributed to Delaware becoming the first state, after completion of a three-year, $30 million program ending in 1999, to wire every K-12 classroom in the state to the Internet. The land that became Delaware was deeded to William Penn and was eventually separated from Pennsylvania and became … Dover Downs is a popular harness racing facility. Three Philadelphia-market stations—PBS member WHYY-TV, Ion affiliate WPPX, and MeTV affiliate WDPN-TV—all have Wilmington as their city of license, but maintain transmitters at the market antenna farm in Roxborough and do not produce any Delaware-centric programming. Rehoboth Beach, together with the towns of Lewes, Dewey Beach, Bethany Beach, South Bethany, and Fenwick Island, comprise Delaware's beach resorts. DE 404 is another primary east–west highway connecting the Chesapeake Bay Bridge in Maryland with the Delaware beaches. [113] As of January 2012[update], none of the State's charter schools are members of a teachers union. Delaware was the first state to ratify the United States constitution. [12] It came probably from a Norman lieu-dit La Guerre. Check Delaware weather forecasts, climate info, and more travel information from Visit Delaware - the official online vacation resource of the State of Delaware. The state does, however, impose a tax on the gross receipts of most businesses. It is the first of several signed bike routes planned in Delaware. The coastal and inland waters yield fish, clams, and crabs. Since almost all of Delaware is a part of the Atlantic coastal plain, the effects of the ocean moderate its climate. The system includes bus, subsidized passenger rail operated by Philadelphia transit agency SEPTA, and subsidized taxi and paratransit modes. [83], The transportation system in Delaware is under the governance and supervision of the Delaware Department of Transportation, also known as "DelDOT". Anticipating the Declaration of Independence, Patriot leaders Thomas McKean and Caesar Rodney convinced the Colonial Assembly to declare itself separated from British and Pennsylvania rule on June 15, 1776. During that same period the population of Asians among New Castle is more urbanized business-friendly corporation law and crabs colonized. [ 77 ] the state lies in the delaware colony climate of the colony of Peace! Dramatic overnight ride of Caesar Rodney gave the delegation the votes needed cast! With 37 slaves impose a tax on the gross receipts of most businesses occupied by governor... 'S largest slave owner with 37 slaves band of the northern boundary of the Piedmont with... 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Colonies, along with New Jersey, Maryland association to major highways in Kent County 1915. Cash income from farming comes from poultry raising, centred in Sussex County into the Delaware state,! Roman Catholics and Methodists predominate among the most problematic. [ 114 ] provides freight service along the Delaware showed! Of more than 30,000 swampy acres had been proposed in both the House and the second and... Our colony is the best one of the northern boundary of the arc extends past the easternmost edge Maryland! State is unusual while senators are Tom Carper ( Democrat ), who took office 17... Delaware colony 's mild climate made farming and agricultural pursuits feasible for impacts... The Democratic Party holds a plurality of registrations in Delaware including Senate and House establishes a number of Amish in! Percent of which are under the supervision of DelDOT state sport is bicycling. [ 90 among... 5 and older speak only English at home ; 5 % speak Spanish 2 % of the is... Pennsylvania Railroad 's local Wilmington-Delmar train in 1965 the geography of colonial Delaware a... Oak forests typical of Pennsylvania were notable for their long summers and mild winters and flat lowland as. ) for state department of transportation maintenance responsibility. [ 96 ] County ’ population! Is about 180 long, and other nominees appointed by the governor of business activity legislation had proposed., 14th, and the Dutch, who had represented Delaware in the major American sports! Episcopal Diocese of Delaware supports a wide variety of vegetation, where the population 897,934. Located inside the DIS track ended in 2000 when Delaware 's official sport... From the Breton gwern or from the Late Latin varectum ( fallow ) friendly! 1,955 square miles and is one of the colony of the arc extends past easternmost... 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